Broad-Based Ownership Models as Tools for Job Creation and Community Development

ORGANIZATION:
The Democracy Collaborative with support from CITI Community Development

Author +
Marjorie Kelly, Steve Dubb, and Violeta Duncan

Year: 2016

As cities wrestle with the growing challenge of wealth inequality, more and more leaders are looking to broad-based ownership models as tools to create jobs and build community wealth. These models are highly effective, with a positive impact for low- and moderate-income individuals and communities. This report looks at six such models, with examples of best practices, and explores how these models can be used in community economic development.

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The Federal Reserve has also weighed in. For example, Chair Janet Yellen began a talk at the Bank’s 2014 Economic Opportunity and Inequality Conference by noting that “the distribution of wealth and income in the United States has been widening more or less steadily for several decades, to a greater extent than in most advanced countries.” Even Standard & Poor’s has spoken up. In a move unusual for a credit rating agency, it reported in 2014 that “income inequality in the U.S. is dampening GDP growth.”City leaders and community development practitioners are asking with great urgency: How can more and better jobs for low- and moderate-income people be created? As the search for solutions intensifies, more leaders are looking to broad-based ownership models as tools to create jobs and build community wealth. These models are poised for substantially greater use. That means there is a growing need for them to be better understood. Helping build that understanding is the aim of this guidebook.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary
Introduction
Benefits of broad-based ownership
Powerful new uses
Substantial in size and future potential
Employee stock ownership plan companies
How ESOPs build worker & community wealth
Leading Examples of ESOPs
Cooperatives
Some ways cooperatives build community wealth
Leading Examples of Cooperatives
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs)
How CDFIs build community wealth
Leading Examples of CDFIs
Social Enterprises
How social enterprises build community wealth
Leading Examples of Social Enterprises
Municipal Enterprises
How Municipal Enterprises build community wealth
Leading Examples of Municipal Enterprises
Emerging Hybrids: Benefit Corporations and L3Cs
How hybrid enterprises build worker & community wealth
Leading Examples of Hybrid Enterprises